Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. These lands comprised most of the Americas. Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. They have no iron, nor steel, nor weapons, nor are they fit for them, because although they are well-made men of commanding stature, they appear extraordinarily timid. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia. He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. Portuguese mariners built an Atlantic empire by colonizing the Canary, Cape Verde, and Azores Islands, as well as the island of Madeira. 101 Independence Ave. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. Dutch & Spanish Dominance in South & Southeast Asia, The Italian Wars and Weakening of Papal Authority, Protestant Reformation on Germany | History, Effects & Impacts. How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Any other uses, such as conference presentations, commercial training progams, news web sites or consulting reports, are FORBIDDEN. Bartolome de Las Casas speaks with the Amerindians, then with the Spanish leaders. It didn't take long for other Spaniards to realize that Columbus had stumbled upon something completely new, and they decided to stay. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Spains drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Corts and Pizarro. Unlike Columbus, he realized that the Americas were not part of Asia but lands unknown to Europeans. They wanted to spread catholic culture in whole world. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. Baker Hughes (NYSE: BKR) is a leading energy technology company that design, manufacture and service transformative technologies to help take energy forward. Source for information on Spanish Exploration and Colonization: Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery . However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. An error occurred trying to load this video. During the winter of 154041, the explorers waged war against the Tiwa in present-day New Mexico. While the Portuguese didnt rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s. Notes FAQ Contact . Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. succeed. What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? They also found a sea route to India. The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. The travels of Portuguese traders to western Africa introduced them to the African slave trade, already brisk among African states. Lutheranism History, Facts & Beliefs | What is Lutheranism? There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on empire-building. With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. In Spain, gold and silver from the Americas helped to fuel a golden age, the Siglo de Oro, when Spanish art and literature flourished. This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. On October 12, 1492, however, he made landfall on an island in the Bahamas. The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitln, playing a much greater role in the citys demise than did Spanish force of arms. Spanish . Spain had dominated much of the Americas; Ortiz goes as far to brand the period as "The Golden Age of Spain [1] ". They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. The time was ripe to explore, discover, and expand. Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. The realization that the Amerindians in New Spain had large quantities of gold made mining the primary aim of many who came to the New World. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. Probanzas de mritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. Hoping to gain power over the city, Corts took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). Most trades for Western Europe required overland travel, which only grew more difficult with Ottoman conquests in the East. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? They traded up the Zambezi river and interfered with the existing inland African trade. Portuguese traders soon began to settle around the fort and established the town of Elmina. The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. Portuguese success in exploration depended on maritime technological advances, especially caravel ships with lateen sails that were triangular in shape and gave Europeans the advantage of finally sailing in both directions along the African coast. Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. Islamic states had dominated. The voyages of Columbus. What was the success of Spain and Portugal? All those he petitionedincluding Ferdinand and Isabella at firstrebuffed him; their nautical experts all concurred that Columbuss estimates of the width of the Atlantic Ocean were far too low. found and claimed Pacific Ocean for Spain and called it the south sea Hernando Cortes 1519- to find gold glory and god. Spain brought the ecomienda system to the New World to build plantations for mining and farming, a system that categorically abused the Amerindian labor force without fair trades for their gold. Finally, Vasco de Gama arrived in India and came back with a nice, profitable load of spices in 1499. How did Exploration impact the world? The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Thereafter, Vasco de Gama rounded the horn and actually reached India in 1498, allowing the Portuguese to succeed in their ultimate aim of establishing a direct connection with the spice trade. conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan Huguenots Overview, History & Beliefs | Who were the Huguenots? Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. When the Immortal had Thrash's set, the Dimensional lords had no choice, but to give up a huge part of Alphen to the Immortal's army. The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. It also established trading posts in China and Japan. Over two centuries, the Spanish established an empire over two continents that changed the lives of the Amerindians, the very face of the land itself, and indeed, the entire world. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. Probanzas de mritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. Where did Christopher Columbus first land? flashcard sets. While they are filled with distortions and fabrications, probanzas de mritos are still useful in illustrating the expectation of wealth among the explorers as well as their view that native peoples would not pose a serious obstacle to colonization. Inland there are numerous mines of metals and innumerable people. 2 Why was exploration so important to Spain? This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. He received help from the neighboring cities terrorized by the Aztec empire, who periodically collected people from them to offer sacrifices to their gods in many elaborate rituals, outstripping nearby empires in their zeal. In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). Vasco de Balboa 1513- goal was to find gold and a new sea. Spanish and Portuguese explorations expanded the understanding of the world and the diversity of its people for future centuries. One of the greatest lasting effects of Spanish incursion into Latin America was the . As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. The Spanish explorers hoped to find cities of gold, so they made their discoveries sound as wonderful as possible in these letters to convince the Spanish crown to fund more voyages. a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of western Europe. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages. 5 What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? Hoping to salvage Portugals Atlantic holdings, King Joo II began negotiations with Spain. They were far more interested in trade, and before long, they had carried millions of Africans away from their homes as slaves. Conquistadores Claim Land and Treasure (1500s) Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro took over lots of land from Native Americans in South America and North America. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Test and improve your knowledge of The Age of Discovery & Exploration with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with Study.com. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic encounters set in motion the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from first contact through the Age of Exploration (1500-1599). Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. Spanish and Portuguese exploration brought a variety of Western ideas to the new world, including dress and leadership positions like that of the governor. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Armed with these advances, Bartholomew Dias reached the tip of Africa in 1487, naming it the Cape of Good Hope. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? During the Spanish colonial era, ships frequently transported mercury across the Atlantic to the New World to be used in gold mining. Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. The Spanish followed suit, beginning with Christopher Columbus, before moving beyond mere trade and focusing on empire building. It is after the Reconquista, that the Europeans start to expand and explore the new world for new trade routes to the riches, i.e. They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. (credit: modification of work by National Park Service), Next: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World, Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of Spains empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. One of this periods most famous works is the novel The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes. As they died, new workers were needed. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. Open Document. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal took the principal role during most of the fifteenth century in searching for a route to Asia by sailing south around Africa. Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. Spanish fleets returned from the New World with holds full of gold, silver, and precious gemstones while Spanish priests traveled the world to convert and save the souls of the native populations. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. Gold became the biggest source of income for the Portuguese crown. . Since the Aztec people had never been exposed to the disease, thousands died as it spread throughout Mexico. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield. The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? In August 1521, having successfully fomented civil war as well as fended off rival Spanish explorers, Corts claimed Tenochtitln for Spain and renamed it Mexico City. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. No products in the cart. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Radical Reformation Origins & Beliefs | Anabaptists & Antitrinitarians. They also found a sea route to India. One such explorer, Francisco Pizarro, made his way to the Spanish Caribbean in 1509, drawn by the promise of wealth and titles. Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on. In the BFA programs, students receive practical training through the progression of hands-on projects that increase in complexity. The seaports there are incredibly fine, as also the magnificent rivers, most of which bear gold. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. People were curious, interested, and eager for fresh experiences and observations. THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. The results of the study allowed us to discover the characteristics of the contents which have an effect on informal learning, favoring the child's creativity and the development of abilities and. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Columbus held erroneous views that shaped his thinking about what he would encounter as he sailed west. The reasons for the difference are to be found in the. Far from being unified and content under Aztec rule, many peoples in Mexico resented it and were ready to rebel. It was able to amplify the power of Undead army by several magnitudes. But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value. Spain wanted to explore the New World first to find a trade route to India as the Portuguese had. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. (1521) Pizarro took land from the Incas in what is today Peru. Among these was Toribio Motolinia, whose work, History of the Indians of New Spain, provided a comprehensive description not only of conversion methods, but Aztec religious and cultural practices. Spain. Many ideas and methods of expansion were flowed along over time. Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas. In short, the actions of the Portuguese and Spanish established a permanent European presence in the New World and set the stage for future conflict and historical movements. The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? He and his followers explored what is now Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time? D. Africans attended Prince Henry's navigation school (1531) Vasco Nez de Balboa marched through Panama to the Pacific ocean; Hernando Corts conquered Mexico; Francisco Pizarro subdued Peru; and Francisco Vsquez de Coronado moved north. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. South American settlement began in 1523 in Venezuela, and in 1524-1526, the Spanish marched through Central America, exerting their control from Guatemala to Nicaragua. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. . After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. By This painting illustrates the diffusion of which of the following during the Age of Exploration? Along the way, they discovered plenty of ways to make a profit from their voyages, and pretty soon they were leaders in the gold and slave trades. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. Inspired and backed financially by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorers sailed south, down the coast of Africa, in hopes of finding a route to the Far East. Over the next two centuries, a string of explorers and conquistadors, or military conquerors, claimed territory after territory for the ever-widening Spanish empire. The Portuguese explored the Canary Islands off the African coast as early as 1341, finding them perfect for the establishment of sugar colonies with labor supplied by African slaves. Payroll Services Expert, Novartis, Prague, Czech Republic 20+ Billion Cash Disbursements, 600k + payments through more than 400 Bank Accounts and countless lives impacted positively with our contributions to fulfill our noble purpose of reimagining medicineThe Payroll Services Expert supports the development of P&O processes, principles, and guidelines for a small client group, as well as . These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. However, the reality is far more complex. While the Portuguese built a maritime trading empire in Africa and Asia, the Spanish built a territorial empire in the Americas . The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? How did explorers born in Portugal impact the world? Christopher Columbus incorrectly believed he had found India when he landed at San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492. On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. 1531 This compass showed from four to eight directions. This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. . While the Portuguese remained focused on the establishment of trading networks, only turning to full colonization later, Spanish discoveries of established empires in North and South America led them to explore and subsequently expand their own empire with the intention of growing wealthier and spreading Catholicism.